Ostriches 6 months and older: 1.5 to 4 ml intramuscularly
Aging naturally lowers production, while illnesses, infections, and certain medications speed up depletionmaking it vital to adopt habits that help preserve healthy levels
Experimentally induced animal models for cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimers disease
The 5000 IU injection is a relatively high dose and might be used for different reasons, so precautions and side effects can vary depending on the specific purpose
Additional gut health testing: In cases of a persistent or unexplained B12 deficiency, your primary care provider may recommend endoscopy, colonoscopy, or tests for celiac or Crohns disease
These polymorphisms are unrelated to cobalamin metabolism and the elevated MMA levels do not, by themselves, indicate a B12 deficiency (Molloy, 2016)